Addiction and Al-anon Meeting Essay

Much the same as the AA meeting, I felt entirely awkward with going to an Al-Anon meeting. I have been blessed enough where nobody near me has ever been dependent on liquor. I wasn’t sure how well I would have the option to identify with the individuals from this gathering. I was anxious strolling in the gathering and I felt strange. One thing that brought me alleviation was the grinning faces and glad discussion I experienced as I went into the room. These individuals seemed as though they were attempting to make the best out of the circumstance that their friends and family put them in. There was a ton of prattle in the room. Individuals were discussing their previous week and shared belief between one another. The climate of the room wasn’t as desolate as when I went to the AA meeting. The individuals who were talking the most seemed as though they may go to the Al-anon gatherings consistently. The room I strolled in seemed as though a break room with seats and tables set up. The gathering began with a Serenity Prayer, which was like how my AA meeting began. By and by, similar to my AA meeting, it was disclosed to everybody this was an Open gathering and nobody was required to talk. The story that stood apart the most to me was the story that originated from the man in the blue coat. This man appeared to be around 26 years of age. He recounted to the anecdote about how his dad is a heavy drinker and how he has been investing additional energy with him during his leisure time to attempt to keep his father’s mind off of liquor. He said he would successfully assist his with fathering beat this dependence. I can identify with this story since I to have a relative who’s habit expend her life. Much the same as the man in the blue coat, I to would effectively help my relative beat this enslavement. Nobody truly responded to his story acknowledge for the pioneer of the gathering. The pioneer said a few words to the man. There was another individual from the gathering who started discussing her battles corresponding to the man in the blue jacket’s story. The entirety of the individuals going to this gathering are there in light of the fact that somebody they love needs assistance battling a habit. From the tales I heard, these addictions are influencing everyone’s day by day life, not simply the individual dependent. From my very own involvement in fixation, I am constantly stressed over my relative. My relative has a betting dependence, so she should always be unable to have money. This is a day by day battle for me since I deal with every one of her accounts, so she doesn't have any enticement. The individuals in this gathering were attempting to help their friends and family similarly, by attempting to constrain the enticement of drinking liquor or taking medications. I think the greatest contrast with the Al-anon meeting versus the AA meeting is that the individuals going to the Al-anon meeting were all there intentionally. At the point when I went to the AA meeting you could tell that there was some court requested members. Everybody at the Al-anon meeting was more than ready to impart their battles and triumphs to everybody in the room, where as in the AA meeting just a couple of individuals shared their accounts. Generally speaking, It think these gatherings are an extraordinary hotspot for individuals managing compulsion, for everybody should have the option to share their encounters to have the option to lift them off their shoulders.

Scientific Method Essay -- Science Experiments Essays

Logical Method Thales of Miletus (624-546 B.C.) was the first to recommend a solitary material base for the universe- - in particular water or dampness. His cosmology recommends that all articles known to man are made out of water. His decision of water as the part constructing square of all issue may have been because of the obvious movement of waterways and the change of water to fume and back. Anaximander of Miletus (610-545 B.C.) was the principal understudy of Thales. He denied Thales guarantee that water was the essential matter of the universe, expressing rather that the world was gotten from apeiron (signifying boundless). The condition of apeiron preceeded the partition into different characteristics, for example, hot and cold or wet and dry , and in this manner speaks to the crude solidarity of all things. Anaximenes of Miletus was an understudy of Thales and Anaximander. He, be that as it may, proposed aer as the part matter of the universe. He accepted that when aer was equitably conveyed it was the quality of the air, and as it dense it became fog, water, and in the end other strong issue. On the off chance that aer was thin it became fire. The movement of thoughts from Thales to Anaximenes, held by Aristotle to be the dads of theory, shows a grouping of refinements in the convictions in regards to the idea of the universe. Despite the fact that no cutting edge researchers would suscribe to their speculations with respect to the idea of the fundamental constituents of issue, they show the way toward refining past hypotheses in l...

Applying for SIPA First-Year Funding COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Applying for SIPA First-Year Funding COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog At SIPA all first-year applicants for the two-year, full-time MIA and MPA programs are considered for institutional fellowships. All that is required to apply for first-year fellowship is to submit an admission application. We do not require a separate application to apply for first-year fellowship. Due to the fact that we receive admission applications from citizens of over 100 countries each year we do not conduct admission interviews. We rely upon the information in each application to make both admission and fellowship decisions. The Admissions Committee awards institutional fellowships to approximately 15% of the incoming class each year. Every student who is admitted to SIPA is eligible to apply for second-year fellowship. In the spring of 2009 approximately 75% of second-year students chose to apply for funding through SIPA. Of that 75%, approximately 70% received funding and the average award was just over $19,000. Some students choose not to apply for SIPA funding because they have outside awards that cover their educational costs. Many students are able to combine external fellowships with institutional funds from SIPA. We highly encourage all applicants to pursue external funding opportunities and the sooner you begin the process, the more likely you are to find out about opportunities that fit your profile. If you have not already, we highly encourage all applicants to explore our external fellowship database.

The Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And The Citizen On...

The fire was burning too brightly and in order to contain the flames out of this came the creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen on the 26 August 1789 by the National Assembly, composed of those from the Third Estate. This declaration was heavily influenced by the American Revolution and Thomas Jefferson, who one of the founding fathers and a principal author of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was all about man’s ‘natural right’ at any time and pertaining to any individual, no matter where they were in the world. This is one of the most important and significant declarations created in all of history. It created an outcry and demand for similar rights and liberty across all of Europe, where most countries were still dominated by the establishment of the monarchy. It also spread universally, to places such as the Caribbean and the Middle East who wanted a democratic republic just like France had been aiming for. What many co untries started to see was that such freedom was born out of the ever growing reality of nationalism, which had already caused terror among and against the people. The women that had participated in the March on Versailles on 5 October, 1789, forced the King back to Paris the very next day under the conditions of a constitutional monarchy, because having him in the city meant that the revolution could thrive. But only a short 8 months later, the King and his family tried an unsuccessful late night escape toShow MoreRelatedIn 1789, The Old Regime Came To An End With The Beginning1283 Words   |  6 Pages In 1789, the old regime came to an end with the beginning of the French Revolution. The patchwork quilt of the old French system had been swept away. While the changes of the French government and society were not sudden, the mentality and the philosophy of the people changed suddenly to allow for the practical changes to come around. Looking at who is to be a citizen, religious minorities, and women, the ideal for a new system came suddenly from the enlightenment, which allowed practical changesRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Tennis Co urt Oath1680 Words   |  7 Pages In 1789, the Ancien Regime came to an end through the beginning of the French Revolution and the Tennis Court Oath. The patchwork quilt of the old French system had finally been ripped away. While the practical changes of the French government and society did not happen immediately, the mindset and the philosophy of the people changed quickly. They began demanding faster action than the government was willing to give. Looking at who is to be a citizen, religious minorities, and women, the idealsRead More802.11ac and 802.11ad996 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the summer of 1789, France faced a financial crisis, caused primarily by military expenditures and a parasitic aristocracy, which resisted any cuts in its returns from the treasury and any taxes on its wealth. Louis XVI had succeeded his grandfather in 1774. The young king was intelligent but indolent and dominated by his frivolous wife, Marie Antoinette, whose limited political vision and influence over her husband increased his problems. The result of this lapse of leadership was aRead MoreFrench Revolution and Nationalism1411 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.† From 1789 onward, this was the basic guideline of the French Revolution. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, and the French Directory that correlates to the Napoleonic Code, established this statement of liberalism throughout Europe. These factors, combined with Napoleon’s beliefs in liberalism and unity, lead many European nations – including the Germanic and Italian states – to develop a strong sense of nationalism. The French Revolution was theRead MoreThe Impacts Of The American Revolution And The French Revolution825 Words   |  4 Pagesaccuracy. From the likes of the French Revolution with famous document The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and Toussaint L’Ouverture’s Letter to the Directors of France to the famous Spanish Revolution Document Address to the Congress of Angostura by Simon Bolivar, the documents provide different perspectives on how each revolution had the largest impact on their respective territories. The French Revolution, from 1789-1799, was full of social turmoil. According to Robert Strayer’s textbookRead MoreCensorship Of The Press : Motives Of 18th Century France1857 Words   |  8 Pageswhich contributed to a festering discontent within the people of France. This discontent eventually resulted in the French Revolution. Despite the actions of the French Revolution to prevent censorship of the press, and allow for freedom of speech for man, the liberal and radical phases of the revolution and the reign of terror, under Robespierre reverted back to censorship of the press. Censorship of the press in France intensified during the end of the seventeenth century, starting in 1699, as a newRead MoreThe Social Structure Of The West1413 Words   |  6 Pagesthe last vestiges of feudalism so as to acquire the full rights of landowners and to be free to increase their holdings. Furthermore, from about 1730, higher standards of living had reduced the mortality rate among adults considerably. This, together with other factors, had led to an increase in the population of Europe unprecedented for several centuries: it doubled between 1715 and 1800. For France, which with 26 million inhabitants in 1789 was the most populated country of Europe, the problem wasRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Monarchy During The French Revolution1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdestruction of the monarchy during the French Revolution symbolized the Enlightened opinion that people shared fundamental rights. Questions about what it truly meant to be a citizen, especially in respect to politi cal responsibilities such as voting and holding offices, were passionately contemplated and defined. However, prejudices quickly created controversies over whom, exactly, these rights and privileges belonged to. Craftily referred to as â€Å"citizenesses†, women were one such deliberated group duringRead MoreWomen Empowerment Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagescaused women to become increasingly aware of their inferior status in society and brought forth frequent feminist movements. The Industrial Revolution helped catalyze feminist movements that vied for political suffrages, education rights, and economic protection, and the right to private property. The Industrial Revolution helped bring forth inventions such as the steam engine and textile mills. These inventions caused a gradual shift of work from rural to centralized work in urban areas. This urbanizationRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Citizen954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was the product of an oppressed people who were tired of living under a government in which they had no voice. During the Ancià ©n Regime in France, there social classes, called estates, greatly divided the people on the basis of power and wealth. The first estate being the clergy, the second nobility, and the third estate being everyone else in the country of France (â€Å"The French Revolution† 23:20). The first two estates made up 3% of the population

Discrimination A Woman Named Maddison Enjoyed Working Essay

A woman named Maddison enjoyed working so much that she loved it. She was only in her twenties and had decided to dedicate her life to working and pleasing others. She had a job that she loved and worked as hard as she could to better herself at her job. As time continued, Maddison soon started realizing that she made less money than the men were making. They held the same positions but she got paid less. She tried for many years to become the assistant manager and even the manager, but they promoted other men who were not as qualified as her. They would not promote her because they said â€Å"she could not get the job done.† Before long, Maddison realized that her job not only discriminated against her, but they discriminated against women. Discrimination is a very common in the world today. There are many different types of discrimination such as age, religion, race, disability, and sex. Many people have to deal with discrimination every day of their lives, and so do women. All companies and jobs discriminate against people, especially women. Women are always discriminated in the workplace. Women receive lower pay rates than men. Not only do women get paid less because of their gender, they also get paid less because of their race and age. Women typically earn less money than men because of the pay gap that is created between genders. The pay gap in gender is becoming a main subject that people talk about because it is affecting many of women’s lives. When women make lessShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBlack, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics ofRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagessignifier (or expression) and the significate (or content) of the linguistic unit, but the second articulation can affect only the signifier of its corresponding unit. Monemes may be lexical or grammatical. The sentence We are working contains four monemes; the word working is constituted of the lexical moneme (or semanteme, or, as Mar* De Saussure s translator used the terms signifier/signified. The translator of Andrà © Martinet s Elements de linguistique gà ©nà ©rale prefers significans/significatum

Describe how health and safety is implemented in your setting Free Essays

The policy states that they as a school they do not administer medication to children as most medicines are 3 times a day and it possible administer this without the schools help. However if it is required then parents/carers must complete a permission slip for this to happen. All medication is kept in the school office. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe how health and safety is implemented in your setting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Treatments for something life threatening such anaphylactic shock, parent must have completed a consent form to allow a named and trained member of staff to administer should it be necessary. There is a school medical register and a copy of this is in all classrooms. Accident reporting The policy defines that all accidents must be reported to the headteacher and also to the health ans safety co-ordinator. Any accident must also be written in the accident book which is in line with a council policy. It states that the accident must report the following detail name and address of injured person time, date and place the accident occurred what happened what injury it was treatment given any witness information and finally any other information that is relevant If the child involved has had a bump to the head, a letter is sent home that day and the child would have a red dot sticker on their collar to alert the parent/carer. Chemical safety The most hazardous chemicals found in school are used by the caretaker. These are kept in a locked cupboard and only a small quantity is kept in school. They must always be in the original bottle and never in food or drinks containers. Chemical data sheets for such substances are kept in the office and offer advice on protection needed for using each chemical and the procedure for accidents with chemicals or in case of fire. Conduct and behaviour around school Children are made fully aware of how they should behave in and around the school through the use of school and also classroom rules. Any behaviour that is unacceptable is dealt with according to the school behaviour policy. Children are required to walk within the school, open doors carefully, line up inside the classroom quietly to await further instructions and ensure that their belongings are stored safely on their peg to avoid trip hazards. During playtime, the children are expected to be aware of people and their surroundings, know that they are not allowed to climb on walls/fences, play in areas that are not play areas for example the toilets and not to lift each other up, even during a game. Electrical safety Electricity is one of the most dangerous things within the school and most people know how dangerous it is. The following points are the main part of the policy and are adhered to all times all portable appliances are electrical tested staff must visually check equipment before use and any faults at any time must be reported to the headteacher and site manager no one in school is permitted to work on electrical items there must be no trailing cables and if using 4 way gang adapters they should be secured by the wall so not to create a trip hazard all fixed electrical items are to be tested every 5 years Fire safety The first action required in the policy is, if you discover a fire to sound the alarm at once. It states that if you are free to do so, use the appropriate fire extinguisher to tackle the fire however you must not take a personal risk. If the continuous sound of the fire alarm is heard teachers and children are well practised at following the procedure which is practised at least once a term. During the fire drill the headteacher will record the time it takes and it is in the policy that St Luke’s ensure that a complete evacuation is done within 2 minutes. The class teachers remain responsible for getting the children to the assembly point, whilst the teaching assistants check all areas of the school and the office is responsible for calling the fire brigade should it be necessary. Each classroom has a fire exit which is to be kept clear at all times, fire exit sign, the blue fire notices, and exit route map must be next to the door for all persons to read. The site manager has responsibility to carry out regular fire inspections and take any action needed. The school has an electrical fire system which is regularly checked by an approved contractor. First aid The school aims to have at least 4 members of staff who have all attended a 3 day first aid course and where possible to have all other members of staff attend a 1 day training. First aid should be carried out when necessary by a qualified first aider but it should not prevent someone helping if the situation requires. A list of first aiders is situated around the school in places such as first aid room and staff room. It states that all members of staff including supply need to know who the first aiders are. There are first aid kits within school and they are kept up to date by the nominated first aiders. The school also has portable first aid kits for trips and visits away from the school grounds. The policy sates that if a serious incident occurs such as unconsciousness, severe allergic reaction, suspected fractures etc. , 999 must be called along with the parents immediately. Food safety It is stated in the policy that before any food handling by the children can happen that written permission must be given from the parent/carer. The school has a no nut policy. When doing a food activity, the school highlights that the children need to be taught basic safe food handling and procedures. The children are encouraged to do the following wash their hands, tie back their hair and remove watches etc. to remember not to touch their faces while working with food wear aprons wash hands at the end of the activity work in small closely supervised groups Food hygiene standards must be followed to ensure that food is stored correctly and that the guidelines within the policy are followed. Helpers in classrooms The school welcomes parent helpers to help with all aspects of school like and to assist the teacher where necessary. They must be willing to pass on their details so that security checks can be carried out to maintain the safety and security if the children within the school. At each time on visiting the building they must sign in and out and wear the correct badge that is always visible. Any helper must ensure that they report to the class teacher anything they deem to be inappropriate or unsafe. PE Safety Children are required to dress appropriately according to the dress code specified for indoor and outdoor PE. The children are also expected to abide by the rules, some of these are as follows no running unless instructed to do so  children must participate in the warm up and cool down session children are able to use the apparatus under close supervision mats are to be carried by 4 children the children will learn the clear STOP procedure and obey when told by the teacher, this consist of STOP said by the teacher with a hand signal and then all children will sit on the floor. The policy also sates that teachers will dress appropriately for sport and wear sensible;e footwear when teaching PE. Playtimes According to the policy, there will always be 1 teacher and 1 teaching assistant on duty for playtime. They are to ensure they stand so that they have the best view of all of the playground so that the children are monitored carefully. Any accidents that happen will be dealt with by a first aider. Risk assessment The risk assessment record is held in the school office. They are carried out by the headteacher, health and safety co-ordinator and the group organiser of an off site activity. The risk assessment outlines any potential hazards, who could be affected and how, and also the measures needed to take place in order the make the activity as safe as possible. Road safety The school aims to develop and promote road safety to its pupils. Children are encourage d to use the school crossing patrol and other pedestrian crossing available. The children at school are never allowed to leave school on their own unless written consent from the parent has been received. All children must be collected from school at the end of the day by a responsible adult or a nominated older sibling. Children are advised about the dangers of not wearing a seatbelt in the car and are asked to remind others to do so. Technology safety The policy states that a safe and controlled environment must be available for children to use the internet and computers safely. It is the staff responsibility to ensure that children are taught to use the equipment correctly and carefully supervised throughout. This policy also refers to children using equipment relating to design technology and the tools that they may be required to use for a specific project. Again all tools mus be stored safely, the children must receive precise instructions on how to use the equipment provided and be closely monitored throughout. Learning values At St Luke’s school the children learn through out the school day using the following learning values: 1. Faith in me. 2. Spirituality 3. Interdependence 4. Creativity 5. Thinking The school states that this policy is designed to enable the school to run efficiently and be able to assist the pupils learn effectively. How to cite Describe how health and safety is implemented in your setting, Papers

Twelve Angry Men Essays (529 words) - English-language Films, Juries

Twelve Angry Men May 20, 1999 Twelve Angry Men In the film Twelve Angry Men, I believe justice was served. Without juror number eight, however, the outcome most assuredly would have been different. The subtle force and confidence that he displayed allowed the narrow minds of the other eleven jurors to be broadened. From the beginning of the film, juror number eight displayed his interest in the case, not his personal engagements. His opening part by the window foreshadowed his deep concern for the defendant, an eighteen year-old Hispanic gentleman accused of stabbing his father in a fit of rage. While most of the jurors were ready to leave so as not to further interrupt their schedules, Henry Fonda was willing to give as much time as it would take to analyze this seemingly simple decision. The jurors took a vote and saw the ratio at eleven for guilty and only one for not guilty. When they repeatedly attacked his point of view, his starting defense was that the boy was innocent until proven guilty, not the opposite as the others had seen it. After Henry Fonda instilled doubt in the mind of another juror, the two worked together to weaken the barriers of hatred and prejudice that prevented them from seeing the truth. The jurors changed their minds one at a time until the ratio stood again at eleven to one, this time in favor of acquittal. At this point, the jurors who believed the defendant was not guilty worked together to prove to the one opposing man that justice would only be found if they returned a verdict of not guilty. They proved this man wrong by using his personal experiences in life to draw him into a series of deadly contradictions. I do not believe that most juries today are as concerned with the fate of the accused. Most people today lack a sense of concern for people and things that do not directly affect them. This, compounded by a breakdown in the religious and moral code that should be present, is the primary reason for the failure of the criminal justice system. Juries today fail to adequately assess the case, instead focusing on racial prejudices much like the one juror in the movie. The line They cant help it, it is just who they are, describing the entire Hispanic population, shows striking resemblance to the inequality issues we face today. It seems extremely difficult for any person with the strong convictions that Henry Fonda carried to hold their ground against a group. The feeling of becoming an outcast scares too many people into conforming to an easy decision made not on truth, but on apathy. I think that in todays society people are much less likely to be concerned for the welfare of people tha t they do not know. The truth is often masked in a web of unimportant statements that are used in a courtroom to distract jurors. The councils make the assumption that the jurors are not competent, and cannot see what really happened. Although this is wrong, the aforementioned apathy is why nothing is done about this issue. Social Issues

The Effect of Caffeine on Reactions

The Effect of Caffeine on Reactions SC 1-The Effect of Caffeine on ReactionsVariables1. Sugar taken2. Exercise3. Activity4. Food taken5. PulsePredictionI will be investigating the pulse before and after taking coke, which contains caffeine. I predict that as you take caffeine it will speed up your reactions. I think this will happen because caffeine is a stimulant. This drug increases the blood pressure and stimulates the central nervous system, this also stimulates the action of the heart and lungs. This stimulant speeds up the nervous system and excites it which increases the alertness. In the nervous system there are gaps called synapses and this decides which choice of action you want to take. This drug speeds up the chemical transmission across the synapses so you are more alert and keeps you awake.PlanFor this experiment I would need: -For this experiment I will take my pulse and record it, I will then fill up my cup with coke (170ml) and drink it down.The effect of caffeine on spider web constructionI will then wait 15 minutes using the stop-clock to time it, whilst sitting down quietly. I will then take my pulse again and I will record it. I will then see the difference in the pulse rate. Also I will test my reactions on the computer before and after I drink the coke. I will also see the difference between the reaction times.I will make sure that the test is faire by using the stop-clock to time fifthteen minutes. Also to make it faire I will compare my results will others. There is also going to be a control and someone will be testing decaffeinated coke.There will be factors that will effect the test, like the test will be after dinner so I have to watch out about what I...

Finding Experts Who Want to Help With Your Writing Project

Finding Experts Who Want to Help With Your Writing Project Finding Experts Who Want to Help With Your Writing Project Finding Experts Who Want to Help With Your Writing Project By Michael Youve probably read those acknowledgements at the back of a book: Special thanks to Nobel Prize winner Niels Ryberg Finsen for the many hours of medical advice and strong coffee he shared with me, without which this book would not be possible. And youve wondered what it takes to get a world-famous expert of your own, one who could answer the nagging technical questions that come up in your writing project. Now, unless youre working on a book for a major publisher, you probably wont get a Nobel laureate on your team, but knowledgeable experts can be found almost everywhere, at your local college or across the world through email. The good news is that experts are usually glad to help for free. They love finding someone who cares about their subject and they hate having their specialty misrepresented. The wife of one history professor joked that even if the university wasnt paying him, he would go door to door asking, Hi! Have you heard about World War I? Approaching an expert First, figure out what you dont know. As you write, add tags to your text such as [research] so you can search for them later using Control-F or Command-F on your computer. Make a list, in advance, of the most important questions you want answered. When you email an expert, show them that you didnt pick them at random. Show them you know who they are and what they do, that youve read something theyve written. Tell them a little about your writing project. The more reputable and stable it sounds, the more likely the expert will agree to help you. If you already have a book deal, thats good. If youre asking them to do your homework for school, thats not good. Limit your email to one or two brief, narrow, and focused questions. Include your contact information, especially if youre asking for a telephone or face-to-face interview. Give them lots of lead time; dont rush them. Ask for their help weeks or months before you need to submit your manuscript. If they dont reply to your email, stop there. Dont bug them again. You can find another expert. When you talk to an expert, be prepared; dont waste their time with fuzzy questions. Im reminded of a mock interviewer who asked Paul McCartney, Remember when you were with the Beatles? Yes, he did. Keep it open-ended: Is there anything else you want to tell me? An off-hand comment might give you a new story idea that transforms your old one. Ask about what you can ask for. If they answer one question, are they willing to answer more? To meet with you for lunch? To read over your manuscript and make suggestions? It all depends on their availability and interest which depends partly on your professionalism and courtesy. Seek viewpoints that disagree with you. For most writers, the most vivid parts are the points they support and the characters they like. That means your villains may be one-sided. Compensate for your weaknesses by learning about things you would ordinarily ignore. When I was writing a novel that included extremists, I read one of the key books written by their founder. Finding an expert Use your network. Ask people you know, Who do you know that knows about this subject? Reference librarians (often found at libraries) can help you find the answer to any question a sort of non-electronic Google, but without spam or fake news. If your local library doesnt have reference librarians, the U.S. Library of Congress does and you dont need to be a U.S. Congressman to ask them questions. Many colleges and universities have faculty experts lists that are searchable by topic. Many are especially skilled or specially trained as communicators, but all are eager to share their expertise. StackExchange.com is a family of websites where users can ask all sorts of questions and the most helpful questions and answers are voted up. The National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo) website has its own Reference Desk in their forums, about which they say, What actually does relate to the price of cheese in China? How many cats can you fit in a coffin? Why does the ABC song and Twinkle Twinkle Little Star have the same tune? You have a research question. Someone in here has an answer. Sign up (you were planning on writing a novel someday, werent you?), log into the website and you can ask away. NaNoWriMo officially starts in November but the forum is open year-round. Showing your gratitude When youve finished your draft, send your expert the chapter or the article they helped you write. They may have more comments and corrections to offer. You can use all the help they can give. When deciding how to thank your expert collaborator, think about how much time and effort they spent, and how vital their contribution was to you. If you literally couldnt have done it without them, and youre making money from their contributions, you may want to offer them some of the money as payment or a tip. Like all of us, your expert has something they want to accomplish by working with you, so think about how you can assist them in accomplishing it. Do they enjoy helping others (you)? Let them know, in several ways, how much you appreciate it. Do they want to correct a misunderstanding, and give your readers an accurate view of their field? Make every effort to get their message across, without compromising your story. You might disagree with their perspective, but at least present it fairly. Do they want the prestige of working with a published author? Use their name prominently in your acknowledgements and publicity. They may want copies to give out. If they have worked with you extensively, they might deserve a co-authoring credit. Write a thank you note. You know, with pen and ink. Maybe on a note card. Send them an autographed copy of your story or article when its published. Bring or send an appropriate gift. If you ask to meet with them, buy them lunch. If youre a fiction writer, name a character or place after them. They will be tickled. Of course, mention them in the acknowledgments of your book. Everybody likes to be recognized. Unless theyre a spy and want to remain undercover. Writing can be a solitary occupation, and you may never have considered that someone important could be interested in working with you. But Joe Moore, a bestselling author of thrillers with Lynn Sholes, says, The most remarkable thing we’ve discovered is that expert advice is easy to get. Almost everyone we’ve approached has been eager to provide fictionalized theories and futuristic details that help make our often outlandish premises ring within the realm of possibility. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

Corporate Tax Policy between USA and Ireland Article

Corporate Tax Policy between USA and Ireland - Article Example The policies also vary from country to country, as they are formed to suite the existing environment. Therefore, this manuscript will compare the tax policies of USA and Ireland using the opinions of various scholars. In the article by Sinn, the author suggests that corporate tax policy in Ireland is more effective in creating jobs and tax revenue than United States. He mentions Ireland as one of the European nations that have improved their corporate tax collection through alterations in the Irish tax Code. The author further explains the different techniques applied by most European countries in corporate tax collection to generate revenue and create more jobs. For instance, the use of proportional taxes called ‘flat taxes’ are utilized to attract foreign investors. In addition, the earnings retained in the corporate sector are not taxed while those on distributions are. The article continues to applaud the corporate tax policy system of Ireland as a source of tax reve nue with a potential of creating numerous job opportunities than the US. In other words, Sinn maintains that with increased foreign investment because of friendly taxation policies, revenue is increased which in turn generates jobs (Steinmo, 1989). The author also proposes two defensive mechanisms that can help in tax collection including the corporate tax especially in European countries. For instance, Sinn talks about tax harmonization such as that of indirect taxes to the import country and de-taxation of the income earned through corporate profits. This, he argues will boost the revenue collection in Ireland, which is transformed into job opportunities across the country. It is also significant to note the observation by the author concerning tax harmonization in the corporate world and other sectors of the economy in return for an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Sven Steinmo, on the other hand, explains the advancement of taxation policy especially in developed countr ies such as the United States and those from Europe. The author continues to explain the development of the theory of historical institutionalism in relation to the taxation policy. This is in the form of the connection of taxation policy with ideas, policy outcomes and interests. Sven proceeds to analyze the history of current taxation techniques. In this analysis, he explains the reason of how the issue of ‘good’ tax policy arose because of capitalism. In other words, the Sven reveals that many nations discovered several areas of generating revenue through utilization of fresh ideas. As a result, the government jumped in the advancement of the economy because of the new revenue resources such as corporate organizations and other sectors. The writer explains that this was not possible during the old days hence such a move attracted many policy makers and other stakeholders. Sven further analyses the politics involved in the tax policy system of the United States especi ally during the 1980s. This article puts emphasis on the Tax Reform Act that swept America in 1986 (TRA ’86). The author describes how the influence of this historic Act under the presidency of Ronald Reagan influenced other states around the world in the implantation of their tax reforms. Such tax reforms led to improved corporate tax policy systems in Europe especially in Ireland. This helped generate revenue and create job opportunities for their citizens. The author further points that, the integration of corporate taxes, and progressive income had several influences on the proceeding taxation developments. This led to the transformation of many nations into modern states because of increased

An Inspector Calls by J.B Priestley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Inspector Calls by J.B Priestley - Essay Example It also mentioned the woman who urged Eva to go to the Palace bar who was an agent of Brumley's prostitutes. More to that are the people mentioned in her lodgings. The play portrayed so many concerns that relates to how a person should act in the society that he or she lives in. One of the highlights of the play is the death of Eva which led to the most important argument in the play which is responsibility. At the beginning of the play, Mr. Birling gave his restricted view of responsibility in a extensive dialogue. Moreover, Mr. Birling's definition of responsibility was followed by the appearance of the Inspector. Then the inspector gave his concept of responsibility as well before he left. Second is the lowers costs and higher prices. It manifested the playwright's view on of Mr. Birling's enthusiasm for joining the two affluent families of Croft and Birling and his hopes that they can still work for lower costs and higher prices. As a businessman, lower costs are mostly realized by paying the workers lower wages. Third, the play opened the window about divulging the identity of the Croft and the Birling families- their likeness and their differences. It also showed how the two families present themselves in gatherings. Lastly, this play depicted a common scenario in the early 20th century.

Cultural Bias In Assessment Essays -- Persuasive Testing Education Ess

Cultural Bias In Assessment In the society of today, there are various educators who believe in assessment as proper method to measure the performance of a child in school as well as the overall achievement of a specific school system. The assessment may be presented in the form of verbal, written, or multiple choice, and it usually pertains to certain academic subjects in the school curriculum. Recently, many educators began to issue standardized tests to measure the intelligence of a common student body. (Rudner, 1989) These standardized tests were initially created to reveal the success in institutional school programs, and exhibit the abilities of students today. The standardized tests can reveal the strengths and weaknesses of a student as well as the admission into certain programs. The test results also assist various schools in determining the proper curriculum, evaluate a specific school system, or a particular school related program. There are numerous types of standardized tests in which educators choose to measure the academic level of students. The first common standardized test, the standardized achievement test, are used to measure how much knowledge students have retained from a particular subject. The results generally assist teachers in designing achievement programs in each subject area, such as reading, math language skills, spelling, or science. (Samuda, 1990) The second common standardized test is known as the Standardized aptitude tests. Instead of focusing on a particular academic subject, the aptitude tests measure a broad range of skills that would ensure success during the school career. The skills include daily activities such as verbal ability, mechanical ability, creativity, cleric... ...hoice questions on the SAT up to date. Women are able to do better on exams which do not require a specific time limit. The Talent Indentification Program, proved that women "performed significantly better under untimed conditions than under timed. In fact the young women performed as well as males or even better under untimed conditions." Although the tests have still been proven to be bias against women, the large amount of mulitiple choice questions as well as the timed tests still remain in todays society. Although standardized testing has been proven to be ineffective, the creators of the tests are still humans of different races. As a creator of the tests much be created to represent all races and ethnic backrounds. When considering the contents of the tests, people should be looked at as an individual and not placed uder a category with their race.

From Foster Care to Prison Essay

Young adults who leave the child-welfare system at age eighteen face steeper challenges in becoming independent adults than those who stay in foster care. National studies have found that young people who â€Å"age out† of the child-welfare system at eighteen are three times more likely to be unemployed and not enrolled in school than young people overall. They are also much more likely to struggle financially, suffer from mental illnesses or drug or alcohol disorders, bear children they can’t take care of, or end up in prison (Borja, 2005). The literature demonstrates that there is a direct correlation between children aging out of foster care and entering the prison system. The state of California is the largest state housing foster care children in the country. Still, there is a high demand for research to demonstrate methods by which the cycle of destruction can be broken, as little research has been conducted on foster care youths beyond the age of 18. As a result of this, an exploratory study will be conducted to define parameters that should enable and convince states extend foster-care services to youths until age 21. Literature Review Bruce Willis once said â€Å"too many children in foster care are falling through the cracks†¦Be a hero – take the time to learn about adoption today† (Thinkexist. com, 2006). Foster care is meant to be a temporary living situation for children who are awaiting the opportunity to be reunited with their parents or another suitable guardian. In some cases, children are placed in long-term care placements. For older adolescents, a foster care program can be designed to provide education and resources to prepare the adolescent for the transition into independence (Wikipedia, 2006). Look more:  problem centered coping essay As of September 30, 2003, there were an estimated 523,000 children on record in foster care. Of these, 46 percent lived in non-relative homes, 23% lived in relative homes, 19% lived in group homes or institutions, 5% were in pre-adoptive homes and 7% lived in other placement types (Wikipedia, 2006). When a child enters the foster care system, the role of the parent is no longer held by a single individual or even the household. Rather, multiple parties are involved. More often than not, the state assumes custody of the child. A court appointed attorney or child protection services agency is given the responsibility of the decision making. The foster care provider is assigned the duty of the physical custody. Judges other court officials may also have a say in the care and welfare of the child. The child’s biological parents or guardians may also remain involved through visitations and can also be informed of their child’s well-being and care plan (Molin and Palmer, 2005). There are two types of foster care: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary foster care occurs when situations arise where the parent or guardian is temporarily unable to care for a child and seeks help. Involuntary foster care often occurs when the child is taken from the parent or guardian in order to ensure safety. The end result of the large number of decision makers in the foster care system has been shown to have further detrimental effects on the well-being of the children. The cost to maintain a system with so many players raises financial concerns, and often puts the immediate needs of the child on the back burner. Additionally, foster care children may not necessarily receive the type of care they need and may be â€Å"particularly vulnerable to not receiving care for their mental health needs because they often lack a person in their life who feels responsible and accountable for their well-being† (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). Because of the lack of individual attention on focus on the child’s well-being, children in foster care are continuously ending up homeless, in prison or in mental institutions as yearly as adolescents. Many children in foster care exhibit mental health problems. These can range from difficulty achieving sustainable relationships, coping problems, emotional and behavioral disturbances, attention disorders, depression, autism and bipolar disorder, thus causing these children to be defined as a vulnerable population in serious need of consideration and protection. The most common problem exhibited by the children in foster care are called â€Å"externalizing disorders† (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). Externalizing disorders frequently occur when children have been abused physically and, as a result of the abuse, demonstrate outward aggression towards others as well as towards themselves. There are statistics to support the case that there are factors in the foster care system that contribute to the impeding mental health of the children in care. It is most important to note that few of the children in the system are screened for mental health problems. One study showed that over 94% of the welfare agencies sampled assessed the children for physical health problems, but only 47. 8% checked for mental health problems (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). It is important to mention that being removed from their homes and placed in a foster care setting is a difficult and stressful experience for a child. â€Å"Many of these children have suffered some form of serious abuse or neglect. About 30% of children in foster care have severe emotional, behavioral or developmental problems† (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005). While most foster children show signs of remarkable resiliency, many also suffer from physical health problems as well as physiological and emotional problems. These children frequently blame themselves and feel guilty about being removed from their birth parents and wish to return to their parents even if they had been abused by them (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005). In evaluating the effect of foster care children who are aging out of the system and entering the real world, it is important to note that many of the children in the system have grown up with their parents in prison. Consider for example, Former Parole Officer Marilyn Cambrell. Cambrell plays surrogate mom to children whose parents are in prison at M. B. Smiley High School in Houston. About half of the students attending the high school have all had to face the reality that they are among the 2 million U. S. children with a parent behind bars. Many of these students are now in foster care, leaving them with feelings that they are unloved and unsafe in the world. Cambrell has begun to institute classes at the school, which have given more than 300 students a chance to vent their frustrations, share coping skills and, most importantly, feel they aren’t alone (Aguayo and Sewing, 2003). Many states have begun to implement strategies to break the cycle of vulnerability among students that age out of the foster care system and have begun to impose systems of self-care in the foster care system. In Iowa, a new law has been implemented that mandates the extension of financial support to youth in foster care to 21 years of age. In essence, the new law serves â€Å"as a model for other states to enact the same law and improve the services for youth who are making the transition from foster care to adulthood† (Policy and Practice, 2006). In order to qualify for the extended care and support, the youth are mandated to participate in an education and training program or work full time. To be able to qualify in the law, the youth must participate in an education or training program or work full time. This program falls under the standard of self-care that Orem describes as essential to the success of individuals seeking out optimal health, as the adolescents and young adults are taught means to provide for themselves and are given the resources needed to develop independence. Legislatures and other advocates have begun to get involved in the fight on then national level to protect the vulnerability of foster care children aging out of the system. Similar to the program in Iowa, The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999 was passed to help provide children who are aging out of the foster care system the life skills necessary to provide for themselves. The act provides further access to health care professionals, as the act â€Å"extends Medicaid coverage past age 18, and requires states to prepare foster kids for employment or for further education before they are emancipated† (DeLay, 2000). Another step that can be taken to ensure the well being of children in foster care is to focus on the need for assessment. Foster parents can be taught by health care professionals such as nurses to look for signs of mental problems. The California Institute for Mental Health has developed screening tools that consist of â€Å"a series of questions regarding indicators of potential emotional and/or behavioral disturbances in preschool (0 to 5 years) and school-age (6 to 18 years) children†. The screenings are designed to assist in the observations of the children, and to alert the parents and others in the foster care system of a need for more extensive evaluations (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). People magazine recently published an article on a couple, Julie and Mike Deitch, who made the decision to take on foster children. They became licensed as foster parents after seven months of classes. In 2004, they took in three siblings whose parents were hooked on meth. They have since adopted the children and took on two more children, whose parents were schizophrenic (Jerome and Marquez, 2006). There are several issues that come of out the Deitch’s story that can be used as prime examples of the success of the modern foster care system. First and foremost, the parents received the training they needed to care for the children themselves. Secondly, the children were placed with foster parents who intend to adopt. And, while the Deitch’s had much to overcome in dealing with children whose parents had mental health problems, they put the needs of the child first and stuck with providing a high quality standard of care regardless of the obstacles at hand. It is evident that the child welfare system needs to undergo some redevelopment to best address the needs of the mental health condition of foster children. Emphasis should be on the day to day, starting in the home. Foster parents need to be trained to care for the children by health professionals. Older children need quality attention so that they can one day care for themselves as adult. Any and all mental health problems need to be detected at an early stage and care for. Advocates need to continue to take notice of the needs of the vulnerability of the foster care children and create legislation and develop programs that serve their best interest. If these things occur, perhaps the cycle of vulnerability of children in foster care can be overcome. Young adults who have aged out of the foster care system have left the system only to be faced with significant health, social and educational deficits including homelessness, involvement in juvenile crime and prostitution, mental and physical health problems, poor educational and employment outcomes, inadequate social support systems and early parenthood. These poor outcomes reflect a number of factors including ongoing emotional trauma resulting from experiences of abuse and neglect prior to care, inadequate support while in care, accelerated transitions to adulthood and lack of guaranteed ongoing financial and other assistance to help facilitate this transition. Young people leaving care do not currently receive the ongoing support that a good parent would be expected to provide for their children (Mendes, 2006). Children in the foster care system have been found to be associated with the probability of becoming a rapist or other type of sexual crime predator. As a result of this, the literature demonstrates that the prevention of rape may usefully be associated with enhancing the life chances of fathers and sons by greater support for those offenders who have spent time in foster care. Additionally, the fact that the risk factors for future violence are similar to those for rape endorses the point that rape is essentially a violence offence rather than a sex offence. It further demonstrates that prevention programs for rape will have associated benefits (Christofferson, Soothill and Francis, 2005). Many children who have been identified as having deviant or behavior problems spend time in therapeutic foster care programs. In these programs, the youth are placed in the care of foster parents who have been trained to provide a structured environment that supports their learning social and emotional skills. An assessment was conducted on the effectiveness of such programs in preventing violent behavior among participating youth. The Task Force on Community Preventive Services conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature regarding these programs, finding that reported and observed violence, including violent crime among the children in therapeutic programs declined (Hahn, et. Al, 2004). Due to the issues that they faced throughout adolescence, young adults who leave the child-welfare system at age 18 face steeper challenges in becoming independent adults than those who stay in foster care. National studies have found that young people who â€Å"age out† of the child-welfare system at 18 are three times more likely to be unemployed and not enrolled in school than young people overall. They are also much more likely to struggle financially, suffer from mental illnesses or drug or alcohol disorders, bear children they can’t take care of, or end up in prison (Borja, 2005). The literature demonstrates that there is a direct correlation between children aging out of foster care and entering the prison system. The state of California is the largest state housing foster care children in the country. Still, there is a high demand for research to demonstrate methods by which the cycle of destruction can be broken, as little research has been conducted on foster care youths beyond the age of 18. As a result of this, an exploratory study will be conducted to define parameters that should enable and convince states to extend foster-care services to youths until age 21. The parameters that will be defined include the education levels, current living conditions, socioeconomic status and employment statuses held by the young adults aging out of the foster care system. The survey will then serve as a tool in support of the literature in order to shed light onto the missing link between children leaving the foster care system and attaining financial independence and success in mainstream society. Methods The county of Sacramento extends from the low delta lands between the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers north to about ten miles beyond the State Capitol and east to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (County of Sacramento, 2006). The southernmost portion of Sacramento County has direct access to the San Francisco Bay. Respondents for this research will be selected from aged out foster care children in the county of Sacramento. In order to identify the sample population, social workers and foster care agencies within Sacramento County, including the County Department of Health Assistance as well as the Criminal Justice Department will be contacted. The representatives of the agencies will receive information detailing the importance of conducting the survey, and will be asked to provide or pass on the survey questions to interested participants between the ages of 18-21. The local prison will also be contacted in order to identify target samples who have come through the foster care system and who are now in prison. The representatives will be asked to avoid bias, and to balance those selected among males and females. In order to calculate accurate percentages and accurately represent the number of young adults aging out of the foster care system, the ideal sample size will consist of fifty male and fifty females. For confidentiality purposes, those sampled cannot be randomly selected, as all names and information of those individuals participating need to be passed on through a social work related agency. Due to this, the results may be slightly skewed. However, the skewing of the results will most likely balance themselves. That is, it is expected that an individual receiving technical training coming out of the foster care system (an example of a success story) will most likely be balanced out by an individual in prison coming out of the foster care system. That being said, it is essential that there be some control in selecting the sample, as having 100 responders all in prison will sway the results. Due to this, the survey will be distributed to a variety of agencies, so as to best manage the results. In conducting the survey, questions will be posed to address the respondent’s attainment in areas of education, employment, friendship and family. The questions will be posed utilizing a Likert-type scale to determine response categories. Questions involving demographics, ethnicity and gender will be essential in providing useful information as to other factors (outside of being in foster care) that separate individuals in the population. For example, a question in the survey should identify the demographic location held by the foster child during the time in care, as well as well as identify any potential moves or changes in location. In doing this, it will be possible to identify if demographic changes are an independent variable or dependent variable in effecting the results of the survey. If it is an independent variable, then it needs to be accounted for in the survey results. Similar questions will be posed in regards to ethnicity and gender, in order to determine their impacts on the results of the survey. The surveys will be distributed to contacted welfare agencies in the Sacramento area to then be passed on to target samples. If needed, and if approved by the agencies, the method will include taking time to travel to the place of residence of the selected population to ensure that the surveys are accurately filled out and returned. The responses will then be entered into SPSS. An analysis of the surveys will be conducted looking for significant differences, relationships and correlations. In doing this, key-word searchers will be conducted. At the same time, the responses will be grouped based on socioeconomic class, education, gender, living conditions and employment status and then cross referenced to identify key correlations in the data. The purpose of the survey will be to clearly define target triggers that caused the foster care children to end up in prison. A comparative analysis of results will be conducted in order to drawn lines of association between family values, views on friendship as well as socioeconomic status. At the same time, the answers to the survey will be used to compare and contrast methods and exposures faced by those young adults who did not go to prison after leaving the foster care system versus those who did. In conducting the survey and evaluating the results, levels of success within the foster care system will be revealed. For example, if it is found that many of the young adults were mainstreamed into a job-training program and still entered prison, the survey will be used to reveal triggering factors that caused the downfall. Due to the sensitive nature of the survey as well as the sensitive nature of the questions posed to the target population, the survey will need to be submitted to a human subjects committee for review. Overall, the survey test the hypothesis in an attempt to assess the needs of legislators to pass policy to extend foster care benefits to the age of 21. population’s overall attitude towards the future. That is, it will provide insight as to whether oror not the population has successfully overcome the cycle of destruction (coming out of the system and ending up in prison as a result of no where else to go), or if it appears that the individual needs further training to in order to be financially independent and lead a stable lifestyle. Anticipated Findings It is expected that the survey will reveal a clear cycle of destruction occurring from the transition out of foster care. The survey is anticipated to support the literature that there is a missing link between children leaving the system at the age of 18 and finding success in the mainstream society. Due to this, the survey will provide a tool to better define what the missing link is, and provide insight as to what can be done to break the cycle of destruction. This is good, you should include similar language at the end of your literature review when you are discussing the intent of your research. Finally, make sure to attach your survey as an appendix item to your proposal References Aguayo, Anna and Sewing, Joy. A Former Parole Officer Plays Surrogate Mom to Kids with Parents in Jail. People, 60(11), p. 129-130. American Academy of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry (2005, May). Foster Care. Retrieved December 4, 2006, from http://aacap. org/page. ww? name=Foster+Care§ion=Facts+for+Families Ashby, Cornelia (2006). Child Welfare: Improving Social Service Program Training and Technical Assistance Information Would Help Address Long-Standing Service-Level and Workforce Challenges. GAO Reports, p. 56. Borja, Rhea (2005). Teens Released from Foster Care Too Early, Report Says. Education Week, 24(38), p. 6-6. Child Welfare Information Gateway (2005). Foster Care: Numbers and Trends. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http://www. childwelfare. gov/pubs/factsheets/foster. cfm County of Sacramento (2006). About Sacramento County. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http://www. saccounty. net/portal/about/areafacts. html CMS Network (2006). Medical Foster Care Program. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http://www. cms-kids. com/CMSNMedicalFosterCare. htm Delay, Tom (2000). Fighting for Children. American Journal of Psychiatry, p. 120-124. Jerome, Richard and Marquez, Sandra (2006). They opened their hearts and home to babies born of meth-addicted moms. People, 66(15), p. 83-84 Kerker, B. , & Morrison, M. (2006, January). Mental Health Needs and Treatment of Foster Youth: Barriers and Opportunities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 138-147. Molin, R. (2005, January). Consent and Participation: Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Children in Out-of-Home Care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(1), 1. Policy and Practice (2006). New Iowa Law for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care Seen as Model for Other States. Policy and Practice of Public Human Services, 64(3), p. 28. San Francisco Chronicle Editorial (2005, October 14). Governor signs foster-care bills. San Francisco Chronicle, 10. 2005, . Retrieved December 4, 2006, from http://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? file=/chronicle/archive/2005/10/14/EDGKVF7QQ01. DTL San Francisco Chronicle Editorial (2006, November 2). Foster Care’s Future. San Francisco Chronicle, 11. 2006, . Retrieved December 5, 2006, from http://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article ThinkExist. com (2006). Foster Care Quotes. Retrieved December 4, 2006, from http://en. thinkexist. com/quotes/with/keyword/foster/ Wikipedia (2006). Foster Care. Retrieved December 5, 2006, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Foster_care

Law Demonstrating a Political and Moral Position - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2485 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/28 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Civil Rights Movement Essay Government Essay Did you like this example? Working thesis: Breaking the law is justifiable when demonstrating a political or moral position because without political demonstrations citizens can fall under government control. A problem occurs when a law strikes us as violating a moral principle and when it hasnt been changed despite some significant efforts to do so. Significance: This topic matters because people should be able to challenge the law and express their views. We should be able to think for ourselves and always demand the truth. It is an essential for the political health of the state and therefore a demonstration of good citizenship by the protestors. Citizens must have a right to political participation. Martin Luther King, Jr. is the prime example of why this topic is important and the reason why everyone has the right to protest unjust laws. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Law: Demonstrating a Political and Moral Position" essay for you Create order Summary of sources: The majority of the sources discuss disobeying the law for moral reasons or simply supporting the law out of fear. All in all, most of the articles talk about following the rules and obeying law for the sake of order. They also suggest if we are willing to break the laws we should be willing to face the consequences.there is little doubt that for vast numbers of people on countless occasions it is the fear of fines, imprisonment, civil liability, and other sanctions that is the dominant factor in producing genuine obedience to law†in causing behavior that is as it is precisely because of the law, in contrast to behavior that is the product of other and law-independent motivations, but which just happens to be consistent with the law. Another prime exampleMartin Luther King believed, for example, that he had an obligation to obey the law, but believed as well that in some circumstances the moral urgency of taking an action inconsistent with the law provided an even stronger reas on, and thus a stronger obligation, going in the opposite direction. From any single action inconsistent with the law, therefore, we cannot infer that the actor had no reason to obey the law, or perceived herself as having had no reason to obey the law. LIST OF SOURCES WITH ANNOTATIONS Frankel, Charles.Is It Right to Break the Law? The New York Times, The New York Times, 12 Jan. 1964, www.nytimes.com/1964/01/12/is-it-right-to-break-the-law.html. Preview information: Charles Frankel was New York Times writer. He published the article,Is it right to break the law? in 1964. He must have been a very good and well-respected writer to have published in the New York Times. This article was published in the 60s when protesting of the Civil Rights movement was happening. Acts of racial discrimination were at its all-time high in the United States. The audience he was targeting was Americans who were witnessing so much violence and hate from unjust laws. He explains in his article that at the end of the day nobody has the right to break the law because it defeats the purpose of law itself. Even though he does sympathize with minority groups, he believes we all have a moral responsibility to obey the rules. Relevance of the source: This source will be very helpful for my essay. Even though this source doesnt agree with my thesis it has many powerful points of civil disobedience from history. Schultz, Katie.Is civil disobedience justifiable? Kalamazoo Gazette, 7 March 2009, https://www.mlive.com/opinion/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2009/03/is_civil_disobedience_justifia.html Preview information: Katie Schultz is a senior at Portage Northern High School and is a member of the Gazette Young Editorial Staff. Her articleIs civil disobedience justifiable? was published in 2009. Her article talks about the relevance of disobeying the law today. She believes that anact of civil disobedience must meet three standards: righteous intention, nonviolent means and the desire to communicate the need for change. The article goes on to discuss civil disobedience in history and how events like the Boston Tea Party and the civil rights movement have helped achieved equality. Relevance of the source: This source is helpful because it is refreshing to see a young persons views on this topic. The source talks about historical achievements made by disobeying the law. Also, this source agrees with my thesis. Love, Samantha.I just dont, its illegal Oxford Royale Academy, 4 April 2014, https://www.oxford-royale.co.uk/articles/moral-obligation-obey-law.html Preview information: Samantha love read law at Merton College, Oxford, and is currently following the BCL course. She wrote this article for the Oxford Royale Academy in 2014. This article talks about the importance of laws and whether we should all follow laws simply because the law says so or because it is the right thing to do morally. She talks about how obedience to the law may be motivated by fear of the consequences not because we want to follow the laws. She talks about how it is more important for influential people to keep the rule of law than non-influential people. This article talks about both views of law. Whether there is moral obligation to obey laws or whether it is wrong to simply follow the law because it is simply a law. Samantha writeseveryone must decide for themselves, and whatever we might like to think we would say our true opinion will best be shown at 3am at an empty crossroads. She is referencing at an empty crossroads at 3am if there is a red light and no body on the road would we break the law or not. Relevance of the source: This article will be useful for my essay because it brings up both views of law and why we should or should not break the law. The writer doesnt really have an opinion but instead gives perceptive for both views. Schauer, Frederick.The Political Risks (if any) of Breaking the Law Oxford Academic, 11 July 2012, https://academic.oup.com/jla/article/4/1/83/841165 Preview information: Frederick Schauer wrote this article for a conference on Political Risks and Public Law for Harvard Law School. Frederick begins the article by suggesting majority of the people obey laws simply because of their moral values. He writesthere is little doubt that for vast numbers of people on countless occasions it is the fear of fines, imprisonment, civil liability, and other sanctions that is the dominant factor in producing genuine obedience to law†in causing behavior that is as it is precisely because of the law, in contrast to behavior that is the product of other and law-independent motivations, but which just happens to be consistent with the law. He writes about many examples of breaking the law in the past and present and simply tries to educate his readers about law and whether obeying the law is more than just taking a risk. Relevance of the source: This source will be very helpful to my essay because it has enormous educational information on law and why people break laws. Also, talks about the consequences of people breaking laws in the past and present. Bedau, Hugo A. On civil disobedience. The Journal of Philosophy 58.21 (1961): 653-665. Preview Information: Bedau was a civil rights and anti-Vietnam war activist. On his journal about civil disobedience, Bedau tries to distinguish civil disobedience from other types of political actions such as unlawful protests. He also gives his thoughts on justice and the legal consequences of disobeying the law. The journal provides a discussion on civil disobedient and lawful protest both with the aim to correct unlawful actions and their moral convictions. Relevance of the source: this source will provide me with knowledge of how to justify civil disobedience. Though giving alternatives to claiming political positions, it eventually supports civil disobedience. Dworkin, Ronald. Sovereign virtue: The theory and practice of equality. Harvard university press, 2002. Preview information: Dworkin is a well-known contributor to contemporary legal and political philosophy who also engages in public debates. Several journals have published his interpretations of equality as a political ideal. In this article, the Sovereign Virtue, he answers the question: what is equality? He talks about how governments should act to better the lives of their citizens and show similar concerns to all. He discusses the concept of justice and freedom. Relevance of this source: Dworkin is an advocate of equality. His ideas are of much help to me in understanding his stand on the civil disobedience issue. This reference will help strengthen my thesis as Dworkin is against governments denying their citizens equal opportunities. Rawls, John. A theory of justice. Harvard university press, 2009. Preview Information: John Rawls is a professor of philosophy at Harvard University. Before the appearance of. A Theory of Justice in 1971, he wrote many articles on the concept of justice. A Theory Justice provides the core of tradition democracy (justice and fairness). Rawls says that the idea of social contract is more satisfactory because of fundamental rights and liberties of people as fair and not even a whole society can override this justice. Relevance of this source: this theory agrees and supports my thesis. It will help me in proving how correct my argument is. Sunstein, Cass R. Public Values, Private Interests, and the Equal Protection Clause. The Supreme Court Review 1982 (1982): 127-166. Preview information: Cass is currently a law professor at Robert Walmsley University. He has written many articles and books concerning the American law. In this article, he discusses The Equal Protection clause as directed at the legality of classifications. He talks about the different ratings that the provision considers heightening its scrutiny. Relevance of this source: The Equal Protection Clause is a constitutional directive in the United States. This clause is of much help as it entirely supports my thesis. Lawmakers come up with the guidelines with the intention of using it to influence, control and coerce the outcomes of its communities and individuals both in public and private spheres. The current authority applies these laws, which may be legitimate or illegitimate. However, we perceive moral jurisdiction as right, just, and fair. Moral authority prompts us to make decisions or act based on moral rights (Schauer). However, these reasons differ from person to person depending on ones beliefs. As such, we all behave in our own morally prescribed manner that makes us claim or act in defense of our moral stands. If one was to live in a community, where he/she is forced to accept the ethical determinants of the majority, then that is enslavement. Therefore, this servitude alone gives the affected individual the right to civil disobedience. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil disobedience expert and regularly used it to change segregation laws in the 1960s. He argued that public disob edience was not only morally justified but also ethically imperative when a law is unjust (Dworkins). In a democratic nation, certain types of moral behaviors emerge. Democracy will tolerate some moralities and at the same time have intolerant to some. In such a country, civil disobedient is about taking not only illegal public actions but also legal and moral obligations. This is why there is a moral autonomy in civil disobedience (Love). Individual dissenters are most of the times autonomous when making a moral claim through being disobedient. Currently, within a democratic sphere, an individual who feels that his freedom of speech is compressed may opt to incite civil disobedience against his country. Schultz describes that the present civil disobedience differs from the historical one. Currently, people fight for specific civil rights such as environmental protection and foreign policy. In the past, people fought for freedom and equality. A good example would be the Boston Tea party and the Civil Rights Movement. Also in 1995, Rosa parksrefused to surrender her seat on a city bus (Schultz). In an article that appeared in the Daily Nation in 2016, Nic Cheeseman tells of current governments, which have bad laws and wonders how people should respond to them. He further states that Oxford University celebrated one Bram Fischer for saving Nelson Mandela from death by breaking the law. Though he later says that Fischers action cannot be justified in a democratic system, Nic supports the idea that Fischer broke the law to save Mandela (Cheeseman). In the United States, Dworkins provides three possible results of civil disobedient. First, he offers two dimensions of civil disobedience; the legal and moral aspects. Secondly, the United States social norms expect that every law should equally apply to all citizens and aliens within its sovereign. Finally, Dworkin relates the Vietnam War to the moral distaste resulting from political intrusion into foreign nations (Dwokins). When the US tries to impose its political ideology on other countries, a self-claimed moral right arises (Frankel). However, as the only superpower in the world, the US has a moral obligation to itself, and the world and not every illegal act is civil disobedience. Illicit acts that put life and property in danger are not civil disobedience, and that is why as the superpower, the US will try to stop such actions even in foreign states. John Rawls Theory of Justice provides that justice is the first virtue of political society but still accepts the importance of morality and rational thinking. However, in this case, morality is the primary virtue of a civic community because, without it, freedom, authority, and justice will fade with time. The theory of justice defends civil obedience as long as it is within the constitutional democracies and supports the theme of justice (John). Bedau, on the other hand, declared that all public disobedience demand illegal actions. The law cannot protect such activities, and any rider who violates the law should not be exempted from prosecution. Bedau further states that since no government considers such a provision, there is no harm in extending legal protection to civil disobedience (Bedau). The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment also supports civil disobedience. The clause states that everyone living within the laws of the United States must treat everyone the same as others in similar conditions. This provision has a moral basis, and that is why it applies to all federal and state laws. The clause offers merely equality of access and opportunities. This clause in the 14th Amendment provides justification of civil disobedience only if denial of equity by a state to individual results to that particular person taking public action against the state without causing any loss of life or damage to property (Sunstein). Conclusion There exist moral bases in civil disobedience and a determination of when an individual may or may not break the law to protect their political and moral grounds. Civil disobedience is vital in the exercise of civil rights and expression of individual rights against illegal state laws. Therefore, public disobedience is not in any case defiance for the sake of rebellion but the purpose of political democracy as long as there is no loss of life or damage to property. I, therefore, hypothesize that breaking the law is justified to demonstrate a political or moral position.